How are exchange rates determined?

The currency exchange rate is considered in relation to another currency, or a basket of currencies. Exchange rates can be floating rates, determined by free market factors, such as the economic health of a country, or fixed rates set by central banks. Spreads are not included in the FxLeaders currency converter, but usually, you get tighter conversion spreads through online brokers if you want to buy one currency with another one, and higher conversion spreads on over-the-counter dealers, such as banks and foreign exchange offices.

How to calculate an exchange rate?

Basically, by multiplying the conversion rate by the amount you want to exchange. For EUR 500, you would need 1.13 x 500 = $650. But, the FXLeaders exchange rate calculator makes life very easy. It offers the exchange rate of a single unit of currency for another, as well as the total amount of foreign currency in exchange for the amount of the currency you want to exchange. Physical currency exchange comes with exchange rates and/or fees, but the closer to the FXLeaders exchange rate/amount, the better the deal from your FX exchange agent.

How often do foreign exchange rates change?

Foreign exchange rates change continuously 24/5, and they often also fluctuate over the weekend, opening with market gaps. Usually the exchange rates move slowly, resulting in major differences for a normal traveler, but at times there are some huge fluctuations in live exchange rates, due to economic or political news. Our currency converter updates live exchange rates every 5 seconds, exclusive to FXLeaders.

Can you predict exchange rates?

Exchange rate predictions are hard, given the fact that there are many professional aspects you need to understand and evaluate beforehand. Exchange rate forecasts should include both sides of the coin for the two currencies in the currency pair. They should also include the fundamental analysis, with economic news, central bank forecasts, politics and the broader market sentiment, as well as the technical analysis.

What are currency pairs?

A forex pair is a pair of two currencies, quoted against each other. They are usually presented in the abbreviated form of EUR/USD 1.13, for instance, for Euros Vs US Dollars. Usually, the second currency is presented as the exchange value of the first currency, meaning that to buy one US Dollar you will need EUR 1.13. Many people utilize the fluctuation/volatility to trade forex pairs in the forex market through retail brokers, aiming to make a profit from the fluctuating exchange rates.

What determines the value of a currency?

In the case of a fixed/pegged currency, the government of a country may, as is the case with China, determine the currency value through the central bank, while in other cases, like in Switzerland, it is the central bank (SNB) itself that pegs the currency to another currency or a basket of currencies, in relation to the trade volume with that country. The currency price for floating currencies is determined by market forces, such as supply and demand. These forces are heavily affected by the economic forecasts of a country, central bank activities, rhetoric and forecasts, politics, market sentiment etc., while technical factors determine whether that currency is overvalued or undervalued.

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Cryptocurrencies

Cryptocurrencies

Due to the tremendous global interest in crypto's and how to trade the different cryptocurrencies (including bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dash, Ripple, etc.), FX Leaders' analysts bring you all the information you need to trade and invest in cryptocurrencies profitably. Find out more about the unique and powerful asset class that has emerged from practically nowhere to become one of the hottest investment topics of the 21st century - cryptocurrencies! More

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Latest Crypto News

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Bitcoin ETFs See $1.6B Outflows in 4 Days as BTC Slips Below $90K

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

2 mins read

Institutional demand for Bitcoin has basically stalled as U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs have been seeing net outflows for another day...

9 h

Japan’s BOJ Holds Rates at 0.75% Amid 45-Month Inflation, Crypto Risks Rise

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

2 mins read

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) maintained its benchmark interest rate at 0.75% on Friday, despite revising its economic forecasts upwards....

11 h

French Crypto Wallet Maker Ledger Eyes $4 Billion US IPO

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

2 mins read

French Crypto Wallet Maker Ledger Eyes $4 Billion US IPO

Ledger IPO in the works? Paris-based crypto hardware wallet manufacturer explores NYSE listing amid surge in crypto security concerns

12 h

Dogecoin Struggles at $0.12 as Sellers Dominate Despite Emerging Accumulation Signals

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

3 mins read

Dogecoin Struggles at $0.12 as Sellers Dominate Despite Emerging Accumulation Signals

Dogecoin (DOGE) is at about $0.12 right now, down 1.3% in the last 24 hours. The joke coin is still under pressure to sell near important

16 h

Ethereum Struggles Below $3,000 as Address Poisoning Attacks Inflate Network Activity

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

3 mins read

Ethereum Struggles Below $3,000 as Address Poisoning Attacks Inflate Network Activity

Ethereum has dropped back to $2,900, down 1.7% in the last 24 hours. This is because the second-largest cryptocurrency is facing more

18 h

Bitcoin Holds Above $89,000 as Exchange Inflows Signal Critical Resistance Test Ahead

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

3 mins read

Bitcoin Holds Above $89,000 as Exchange Inflows Signal Critical Resistance Test Ahead

Bitcoin is currently worth more over $89,000, and it has stayed rather stable over the previous 24 hours, even though there have been some

20 h

Daily Crypto Signals: Bitcoin Battles $90,000 Resistance, XRP Tests $1.90

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Friday, Jan 23, 2026

3 mins read

Daily Crypto Signals: Bitcoin Battles $90,000 Resistance, XRP Tests $1.90

The cryptocurrency market faced renewed pressure this week as Bitcoin struggled to maintain gains above $90,000 following significant

21 h

Bitcoin Settles under $90K in Renewed Whale Selloffs

By Timothy St. John, Financial Writer - European & US Desks

Thursday, Jan 22, 2026

2 mins read

Bitcoin whales moved $400 million this week.

Bitcoin whales are moving their assets around in what could be major selloff in the coming days as the BTC rate slips below $90K.

1 d

XRP Poised to Bridge Worlds: SWIFT Eyes Crypto Integration Soon

By Olumide Adesina, Financial Market Writer

Thursday, Jan 22, 2026

1 mins read

Crypto Sensei" pieced together several developments that, when considered collectively, depict a far more permissive environment for XRP,

Ripple

2 d

Bitcoin Stabilizes Above $90,000 as Gold-to-BTC Ratio Flashes Rare “Asymmetric” Buy Signal

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Thursday, Jan 22, 2026

3 mins read

Bitcoin Stabilizes Above $90,000 as Gold-to-BTC Ratio Flashes Rare

Bitcoin (BTC) has stayed above the important $90,000 milestone, gaining 1.1% in the last 24 hours after a lot of ups and downs earlier this

2 d

Ethereum Struggles at $3,000 as Negative Funding Rates and Network Competition Threaten Further Decline

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Thursday, Jan 22, 2026

3 mins read

Ethereum Struggles at $3,000 as Negative Funding Rates and Network Competition Threaten Further Decline

Ethereum is currently trading at almost $3,000, which is a 1.7% increase in the last 24 hours. This comes after a rough week when the second

2 d

Daily Crypto Signals: Ethereum Tests $3,000, XRP Flashes Bearish Signal

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Thursday, Jan 22, 2026

3 mins read

Daily Crypto Signals: Ethereum Tests $3,000, XRP Flashes Bearish Signal

Ethereum closed below the critical $3,000 threshold on Tuesday despite significant whale accumulation totaling over $130 million, while

2 d

BTC Price Prediction after Serious Decline to $87K

By Timothy St. John, Financial Writer - European & US Desks

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

2 mins read

Bitcoin is now falling fast and below a key support level.

Bitcoin has slipped below $90K and is now in the negative for the year after Trump increased his Greenland pursuit.

2 d

Crypto Fear Index Hits 24 as $120B Wiped Out in 24 Hours on Tariff Shock

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

2 mins read

The cryptocurrency market had a sharp reversal on January 21, 2026 - a real knee-jerk reaction. The Crypto Fear and Greed Index...

2 d

XRP Price Prediction: XRP Slips 13% in a Week: $1.90 Test Puts $115bn Market Cap on Edge

By Maham Arslan, Crypto News Writer | Blockchain & Web3 Reporter

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

2 mins read

XRP is still going strong at just over $1.90, as it continues to weather a rough patch that's knocked the token down by over 13%...

3 d

Galaxy Eyes $100M Hedge Fund Launch Amid Crypto Market Pullback

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

2 mins read

Galaxy, the digital assets outfit headed by Mike Novogratz, is getting ready to roll out a $100 million hedge fund to capitalise...

3 d

BlackRock Partners with Delaware Life to Add Bitcoin to $12B Annuities

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

2 mins read

Delaware Life Insurance Company has teamed up with BlackRock to bring some big changes to fixed indexed annuities (FIAs).

3 d

Bitcoin Crashes Below $88K: Liquidations Surge and Liquidity Fears Intensify

By Olumide Adesina, Financial Market Writer

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

1 mins read

Bitcoin

3 d

XRP Dips Below $2 as Winter Chill Hits Crypto Market, But ETF Inflows Stay Hot

By Olumide Adesina, Financial Market Writer

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

1 mins read

Ripple's XRP couldn't stay above the psychologically significant $2 support zone despite these favorable fundamentals.

3 d

Ethereum Defends $2,900 Support: Institutional Giants Accumulate as Rare “Net Taker” Buy Signal Emerges

By Arslan Butt, Lead Markets Analyst – Multi-Asset (FX, Commodities, Crypto)

Wednesday, Jan 21, 2026

4 mins read

Ethereum Defends $2,900 Support: Institutional Giants Accumulate as Rare

Ethereum (ETH) is trading at about $2,900, down more than 7% in the last 24 hours. This is because of geopolitical tensions that have made

3 d

MORE NEWS

Cryptocurrencies

Bitcoin ETFs See $1.6B Outflows in 4 Days as BTC Slips Below $90K

Japan’s BOJ Holds Rates at 0.75% Amid 45-Month Inflation, Crypto Risks Rise

French Crypto Wallet Maker Ledger Eyes $4 Billion US IPO

Dogecoin Struggles at $0.12 as Sellers Dominate Despite Emerging Accumulation Signals

Ethereum Struggles Below $3,000 as Address Poisoning Attacks Inflate Network Activity

Bitcoin Holds Above $89,000 as Exchange Inflows Signal Critical Resistance Test Ahead

Daily Crypto Signals: Bitcoin Battles $90,000 Resistance, XRP Tests $1.90

Bitcoin Settles under $90K in Renewed Whale Selloffs

XRP Poised to Bridge Worlds: SWIFT Eyes Crypto Integration Soon

Bitcoin Stabilizes Above $90,000 as Gold-to-BTC Ratio Flashes Rare “Asymmetric” Buy Signal

Ethereum Struggles at $3,000 as Negative Funding Rates and Network Competition Threaten Further Decline

Daily Crypto Signals: Ethereum Tests $3,000, XRP Flashes Bearish Signal

BTC Price Prediction after Serious Decline to $87K

Crypto Fear Index Hits 24 as $120B Wiped Out in 24 Hours on Tariff Shock

XRP Price Prediction: XRP Slips 13% in a Week: $1.90 Test Puts $115bn Market Cap on Edge

Galaxy Eyes $100M Hedge Fund Launch Amid Crypto Market Pullback

BlackRock Partners with Delaware Life to Add Bitcoin to $12B Annuities

Bitcoin Crashes Below $88K: Liquidations Surge and Liquidity Fears Intensify

XRP Dips Below $2 as Winter Chill Hits Crypto Market, But ETF Inflows Stay Hot

Ethereum Defends $2,900 Support: Institutional Giants Accumulate as Rare “Net Taker” Buy Signal Emerges

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